2021国考银保监综合类笔试真题及答案解析

一、经济金融基础知识单项选择题

在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1、实际经济周期理论认为，______是经济波动的根源。

A．货币因素    B．价格因素

C．技术因素    D．人口因素

2、根据凯恩斯主义的IS-LM模型，当经济处于流动性陷阱时期，为刺激需求应该采取的政策是______。

A．增加财政税收    B．增加财政支出

C．增加货币供给    D．提高法定准备金率

3、在宏观经济学基本假设中，投资支出是利率的函数。当投资支出对利率变化比较敏感时，______。

A．总需求曲线更趋平缓    B．总需求曲线更趋陡峭

C．总需求曲线无变化    D．总供给曲线更趋平缓

4、在边际产出大于0的情况下，随着投入的增加，总产量______，平均产量______。

A．上升    上升    B．上升    下降

C．下降    上升    D．上升    无法确定

5、乒乓球拍价格降低将导致乒乓球的______。

A．需求曲线向右移动    B．需求曲线向左移动

C．供给曲线向右移动    D．供给曲线向左移动

6、西方经济学中的“免费搭便车”问题产生的原因是______。

A．私人成本超过了社会收益    B．产品是非竞争性的和排他性的

C．产品是非排他性的    D．市场产量高于社会最优产量

7、人们通常所说的负利率是指______。

A．名义利率为负    B．名义利率低于实际利率

C．实际利率为负    D．存款利率低于贷款利率

8、我国货币政策的最终目标是______。

A．国际收支平衡、充分就业

B．人民币币值稳定、国际收支平衡

C．国际收支平衡、经济增长

D．人民币币值稳定、经济增长

9、弗里德曼货币需求理论的显著特征之一是______。

A．强调恒久性收入对货币需求的重大影响

B．强调货币需求的动机

C．强调人们的流动性偏好

D．强调资产的多样性组合

10、商业银行通过实行资产证券化可以______，从而降低资本要求。

A．增加风险资产    B．降低风险资产

C．增加资产规模    D．降低负债规模

11、关于商业银行的中间业务与表外业务，以下表述错误的是______。

A．二者都不占用或较少占用银行资金

B．银行在其中主要充当代理人、受托人的身份

C．银行的收入主要为服务费、手续费、管理费等

D．二者都有较大风险

12、商业银行日常经营和风险管理过程中，承担风险和吸收非预期损失的资金来源于______。

A．资本金    B．同业拆借资金

C．贷款损失准备    D．在中央银行的存款

13、个人客户可以使用信用卡______。

A．购买房屋    B．购买汽车

C．购买理财产品    D．开展股票投资

14、根据《中华人民共和国信托法》，以下表述正确的是______。

A．可以采取口头形式设立信托

B．信托财产是属于受托人的财产

C．受益人不能是受托人

D．法律、行政法规禁止流通的财产，不得作为信托财产

15、 2008年以来全球金融监管体系最大的变革之一，是______成为全球金融监管体系中的核心协调机构。

A．巴塞尔委员会    B．金融稳定理事会

C．国际清算银行    D．国际货币基金组织

16、中国货币市场的基准利率是______。

A．LIBOR    B．NIBOR

C．HIBOR    D．SHIBOR

17、下列哪种情况会对我国国际收支平衡表中的经常账户有影响?______

A．中国人寿保险公司购买谷歌公司的股票

B．中国工商银行向德国某公司发放贷款

C．中国人民保险公司收到英国某客户的保险费

D．中国人民银行购买美国国债

18、保险经纪人是基于______的利益提供中介服务的机构。

A．保险人    B．投保人

C．被保险人    D．受益人

19、衡量保险公司偿付能力状况的关键指标是偿付能力充足率，它等于______。

A．实际资本/最低资本    B．认可资产/认可负债

C．认可资产/最低资本    D．实际资本/认可资产

20、保险损失补偿原则不适用于______。

A．建筑工程保险    B．货物运输保险

C．农业保险    D．人身保险

二、银保监综合类专业单项选择题

在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

21、能够计入当年GDP的是______。

A．中央政府对地方政府的转移支付

B．花100万美元在美国购买的房屋

C．从国外旅游买回来的电饭锅

D．某企业当年生产但没有卖掉的20万元产品

22、如果投资对利率非常敏感，那么______。

A．IS曲线陡峭    B．IS曲线平坦

C．LM曲线陡峭    D．LM曲线平坦

23、当实际价格高于预期价格水平时，______。

A．长期总供给大于短期总供给    B．长期总供给小于短期总供给

C．长期总供给等于短期总供给    D．以上三种情况都有可能

24、充分就业的经济学含义是______。

A．消灭了结构性失业的就业状态    B．消灭了周期性失业的就业状态

C．消灭了摩擦性失业的就业状态    D．消灭了自然失业的就业状态

25、有浮动汇率制度和资本完全流动的情况下，扩张性财政政策将使收入______。

A．增加    B．减少

C．不变    D．以上都不对

26、在“滞涨”状态下，______更有效。

A．从紧财政政策    B．紧缩货币政策

C．减税政策    D．货币贬值政策

27、已知某个经济体充分就业的收入为4000亿元，实际均衡收入为3800亿元。假设边际储蓄倾向为0.25，则增加100亿元投资将使这个经济体______。

A．达到充分就业的均衡    B．出现50亿元的通货膨胀缺口

C．出现200亿元的通货膨胀缺口    D．出现100亿元的通货紧缩缺口

28、经济学家讨论“人们的收入差距大一点好还是小一点好”。这一问题属于______所要研究的问题。

A．实证经济学    B．规范经济学

C．宏观经济学    D．政治经济学

29、如果政府提倡用先进的机器来代替劳动，这将导致______。

A．劳动的供给曲线向右移动    B．劳动的需求曲线向右移动

C．劳动的供给曲线向左移动    D．劳动的需求曲线向左移动

30、在只有两个人参与且每个参与人都有三种策略可供选择的情况下，纯策略的纳什均衡最多有______个。

A．9    B．4

C．2    D．1

31、教科书的需求价格弹性小于教学参考书的需求价格弹性，如果纸张涨价使得这两种商品的供给都减少了30%，则______。

A．教学参考书的价格上升幅度更大

B．教科书的价格上升幅度更大

C．两种商品价格上升幅度相同

D．不能判断哪种商品价格上升幅度更大

32、消费函数的斜率取决于______。

A．边际消费倾向    B．与可支配收入无关的消费的总量

C．平均消费倾向    D．由于收入变化而引起的投资总量

33、长期成本曲线上的每一点都是短期成本曲线上的点，但短期成本曲线上并非每一点都是长期成本曲线上的点，这句话______。

A．总是对的    B．有时对

C．总是错的    D．无法判断

34、成本推动的通货膨胀引起的产出和就业变化为______。

A．产出增加，就业增加    B．产出增加，就业下降

C．产出下降，就业下降    D．产出下降，就业增加

35、若生产函数为Y=L+2K+5，则有______。

A．规模报酬递增    B．规模报酬不变

C．规模报酬递减    D．边际产量递减

36、如果消费者动用储蓄存款进行消费，货币构成将发生的变化是______。

A．M1减少，M2增加    B．M1减少，M2减少

C．M1增加，M2不变    D．M1不变，M2增加

37、比特币等虚拟货币的底层技术是区块链技术，关于区块链描述正确的是______。

A．区块链是一种中心化的分布式共享记账技术

B．具有点对点直接交换价值

C．交易透明可以修改

D．交易费用较高

38、______认为，长期债券比短期债券有更多的市场风险，即价格波动更大，流动性较差。

A．预期假说理论    B．市场分隔理论

C．流动性报酬理论    D．流动性偏好理论

39、某公司将一张面额10000元、3个月后到期的商业票据贴现，若银行的年贴现率为5%，则银行应付金额为______。

A．125元    B．10000元

C．9875元    D．9800元

40、关于利率和汇率的关系，下列说法错误的是______。

A．利率上升会抑制进口、促进出口，导致本币贬值

B．利率下降可能引起国际资本流出，导致本币贬值

C．本币贬值会促进出口，引起国内物价上涨，导致实际利率下降

D．本币贬值可能让人们产生继续贬值的预期，引起资本外逃，导致本币利率上升

41、可贷资金利率理论认为，利率的决定取决于______。

A．商品市场均衡

B．外汇市场均衡

C．货币市场均衡

D．商品市场和货币市场的共同均衡

42、国际短期资本流动中的______，又称为资本外逃。

A．业务性资本流动    B．保值性资本流动

C．投机性资本流动    D．国际游资

43、下列属于资本市场工具的是______。

A．大额可转让存单    B．商业票据

C．企业中期债券    D．国库券

44、某面包生产商担心未来原料价格会上涨，打算采取一定的措施，降低价格风险，如果该生产商买入以原料为基础资产的远期合约，那么该生产商在做______。

A．套期保值    B．保险

C．分散投资    D．投机

45、股份有限公司收益分配的顺序是______。

A．债权人-优先股-普通股    B．优先股-债权人-普通股

C．债权人-普通股-优先股    D．普通股-优先股-债权人

46、根据货币政策传导的资产负债表渠道论分析，货币政策可以通过______变动影响消费支出。

A．利率效应    B．信用供给

C．银行贷款需求    D．股票价格

47、商业银行经营证券投资业务最初主要是为了保持资产的______。

A．安全性    B．盈利性

C．流动性    D．稳定性

48、商业银行的______负责制定本行的风险偏好。

A．董事会    B．监事会

C．高级管理层    D．风险管理部门

49、下列选项中可以提高银行资本充足率的举措是______。

A．增加资产规模    B．发放抵押贷款

C．增加同业拆入规模    D．增加长期次级债务

50、______是指保险合同一方既然已放弃其在合同中的某种权利，将来不得再向他方主张这种权利。

A．保证    B．弃权

C．告知    D．禁止反言

51、保险业监管“偿二代”三支柱体系的第三支柱是指______。

A．定性监管要求    B．内部控制

C．信息披露    D．市场约束机制

52、《中国统计年鉴(2020)》中，2019年城镇家庭人均可支配收入数据属于______。

A．分类数据    B．截面数据

C．时间序列数据    D．顺序数据

53、计算一组以毫米为单位的长度数据的方差时，如果改用厘米为单位，则方差______。

A．扩大到原来的10倍    B．扩大到原来的100倍

C．缩小到原来的1/10    D．缩小到原来的1/100

54、对占煤炭开采量75%的大矿井进行深入调查，了解当前“能源保供”工作进展情况。这属于______。

A．全面调查    B．概率调查

C．重点调查    D．典型调查

55、抽样选取某地区200名出租车司机构成的样本结果显示，其平均月收入为5500元，中位数为4700元，标准差为1000元。由此推断，该地区出租车司机收入的分布形状特征是______。

A．尖峰    B．平峰

C．右偏    D．左偏

56、对一组数据进行等距分组时，如果全距为56，组数为6，为了便于统计和计算，组距宜取______。

A．9    B．9.33

C．9.5    D．10

57、某总体均值为15，标准差为3。从该总体中随机抽取一个容量为100的样本，下列区间中样本均值最可能落入的是______。

A．(13，15)    B．(14，16)

C．(17，19)    D．(11，13)

58、相关分析和回归分析中，关于是否确定因变量和自变量的说法中正确的是______。

A．两者都需要确定    B．两者都不需确定

C．前者不需确定，后者需要确定    D．前者需要确定，后者不需确定

59、回归估计中，估计标准误差的计量单位与______相同。

A．自变量    B．因变量

C．回归系数    D．相关系数

60、标准化残差图主要用于直观地判断______。

A．回归模型的线性关系是否显著

B．回归系数是否显著

C．误差项服从正态分布的假定是否成立

D．误差项等方差的假定是否成立

61、在一元线性回归分析中，根据判定系数与F统计量的关系可知，当R2=1时，______。

A．F=-1    B．F=0

C．F=1    D．F=∞

62、在分析社会与经济发展情况时，通常计算年距发展速度，______。

A．是因为年距资料更易获取

B．是因为年距发展速度的概念更稳定

C．是因为报告期的概念更稳定

D．是为了消除季节变动的影响

63、用移动平均法消除时间序列中的随机波动，以寻找长期趋势时，移动的项数越多，处理后的数据______。

A．显现出的波动越大，修匀越平滑

B．显现出的波动越大，修匀越不平滑

C．显现出的波动越小，修匀越平滑

D．显现出的波动越小，修匀越不平滑

64、若总有P(A|B.=P(B|A.=0，则事件A和B______。

A．独立    B．互斥

C．相容    D．相等

65、随意投掷一枚骰子两次，则两次出现的点数之和等于8的概率是______。

A．1/6    B．5/36

C．1/9    D．1/12

66、商鞅在秦国推行变法，在城门外立了一根木头，声称有将木头从南门移到北门的奖励500金，但刚开始没有人去尝试。根据期望理论，这是由于______。

A．奖励的效价太低

B．居民对完成要求的期望很低

C．居民对得到报酬的期望很低

D．居民尝试的成本很高

67、与德尔菲法相比，交锋式会议法的特点是______。

A．花费时间长    B．匿名预测

C．受权威专家的影响较大    D．没有预测误差

68、为了对可能给企业造成重大损失的风险事件进行有效管理。南方石油公司成立了自己的专属保险公司，为母公司提供保险，并由母公司筹集总计10亿元的保险费，建立损失储备金。下列各项中，属于南方石油公司采用的上述损失事件管理办法的优点的是______。

A．降低了内部管理成本    B．改善公司现金流

C．增加了其他保险的可得性    D．损失储备金充足

69、下列企业活动中，属于企业价值链辅助活动的是______。

A．原材料供应    B．研究与开发

C．生产    D．销售

70、关于福利的说法，不正确的是______。

A．福利多采用实物支付或直接支付的形式

B．福利具有准固定成本的性质

C．福利具有税收方面的优惠，可以使员工得到更多的实际收入

D．由企业集体购买某种福利产品，具有规模效应，可以为员工节省一定的支出

71、某企业将其生产的高、中、低档手机产品分别定价为11999元、6999元、2999元，这种产品组合定价策略为______。

A．产品线定价    B．产品组合定价

C．产品束定价    D．备选产品定价

72、国外某著名奢侈品公司准备在我国开设一家顶级品牌专卖店，A、B、C、D四个备选城市2020年度的恩格尔系数分别为29.8%、36.5%、47.2%、41.8%，则最符合该公司要求的城市是______。

A．A城市    B．B城市

C．C城市    D．D城市

73、下列语句中没有错别字的是______。

A．全文一气呵成，言简意骇，堪称上佳之作

B．那年诗人复出，犹如一块蓄积了巨大能量的煤熊熊燃烧，写出一批烩炙人口的作品

C．文学创作路上，有青灯长夜的寂寞，老一辈的作家都是舍得为文学创作惮精竭虑的作家典范

D．好读书，不求甚解，每有会意，便欣然忘食

74、下列作家与其作品中所展现的地域对应有误的是______。

A．鲁迅——《阿Q正传》——绍兴

B．莫言——《红高粱》——山东

C．沈从文——《边城》——湘西

D．汪曾祺——《七载云烟》——高邮

75、以下不属于古代“六艺”的是______。

A．书法    B．射箭

C．驾车    D．绘画

76、“究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。”是对______的评价。

A．《战国策》    B．《资治通鉴》

C．《史记》    D．《三国志》

77、下列诗句所描写的节日，按农历先后顺序正确的排列是______。

①每年宫里穿针夜，敕赐诸亲乞巧楼。

②对此欢终宴，倾壶待曙光。

③紫陌乱嘶红叱拨，绿杨高映画秋千。

④十轮霜影转庭梧，此夕羁人独向隅。

A．④②③①    B．③①④②

C．①④②③    D．②③④①

78、义利之辩是我国古代伦理学上争论激烈的一个问题，争论的实质是把什么作为判断事物价值的标准。下列主张以“利”作为判断事物价值标准的是______。

A．君子谋道不谋食，君子忧道不忧贫

B．仓廪实则知礼节，衣食足则知荣辱

C．君子喻于义，小人喻于利

D．己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人

79、下列语句的正确排列顺序是______。

①“双减”当中提到的每一项具体的校内改革措施，背后都需要人来完成。

②要推进校内和校外相结合的教育供给侧结构性改革，就必须对教师进行高效率的调配。

③今年秋季学期伊始，北京市开展了大面积、大比例干部教师轮岗。

④教师是立教之本、兴教之源。

⑤就是为了把老师们多年积累起来的教学经验和方法推广好，让优质教育资源覆盖面更广。

⑥推进教育高质量均衡，离不开教师作用的充分发挥。

A．③④①⑥②⑤    B．④⑥①②③⑤

C．③④⑥①②⑤    D．④②①⑥③⑤

80、共享经济发源于美国，它作为新经济的重要部分，模式本身就是值得肯定的，也是人类商业文明的一次进步。它提升了商品使用效率，能够物尽其用，也是节约社会资源的一种理想模式。在这一过程中，企业与消费者的关系发生了变化，这种变化也给企业带来了新的发展契机。但与此同时，也需要警惕资本热捧和营销炒作导致的资源浪费。

对上文理解有误的是______。

A．共享经济模式赋予企业更多的发展商机

B．国家有必要认真审视共享经济过热问题

C．共享经济是一种新型商业模式

D．共享经济对社会的贡献率已超过了传统经济模式

三、银保监综合类专业多项选择题

下面各题，每题至少有两个正确答案。

81、下列哪些事件会使长期总供给增加?______

A．大量移民涌入    B．最低工资标准大幅提高

C．企业投资更新、更强劲的芯片    D．国民受教育程度普遍提高

82、房租管制将导致______。

A．短期发生房屋短缺    B．长期发生房屋短缺

C．长期发生房屋过剩    D．短期发生房屋过剩

83、在市场经济条件下，主要通过______等调节个人收入水平和差距。

A．个人所得税    B．工资水平限制

C．社会保障费    D．财产税

84、下列哪些是完全竞争市场的特点?______

A．大量的卖者和买者    B．产品是完全同质的

C．资源完全流动    D．完全信息

85、如果对于消费者甲来说，以商品X代替商品Y的边际替代率等于3；对于消费者乙来说，以商品X代替商品Y的边际替代率等于2，那么以下可能发生的是______。

A．乙用X向甲交换Y    B．乙用Y向甲交换X

C．X与Y交换比例大于三分之一    D．X与Y交换比例小于二分之一

86、为了调节国际收支顺差，一国可以采取的政策有______。

A．实施扩张性财政政策    B．在外汇市场上抛售外汇

C．在外汇市场上购进外汇    D．本币法定升值

87、我国消费信用迅猛发展，下列属于消费信用形式的是______。

A．产品试用    B．对消费者赊销产品

C．客户分期付款    D．消费贷款

88、我国近年来创新的货币政策工具包括______。

A．短期流动性调节工具    B．常备借贷便利

C．中期借贷便利    D．抵押补充贷款

89、房地产企业融资的三条红线是指______。

A．剔除预付款后的资产负债率不得超过70%

B．净负债率不得高于100%

C．融资集中度不得高于30%

D．现金短债比小于1

90、国家对保险业的监管目标主要表现为______。

A．确保保险人的偿付能力    B．维护被保险人合法权益

C．维护保险市场正常秩序    D．促进保险行业健康发展

91、下列选项中属于居民总收入的是______。

A．工资性收入    B．借贷性收入

C．财产性收入    D．转移性收入

92、某地分别在2012年、2015年和2020年对下岗人员再就业情况进行了三次普查，这种调查属于______。

A．一次性调查    B．经常性调查

C．全面调查    D．非全面调查

93、由以下原因引起的误差中，属于非抽样误差的是______。

A．被调查者隐瞒了自己的收入水平

B．调查员误将数字1678填报为1768

C．入户调查时被调查者不在家，调查员选择调查隔壁住户

D．由于被调查者不配合，调查员按自己估计将其收入填为5000元

94、从1，2，3，4，5五个数构成的总体中不重复随机抽取两个作为样本，则对于所有可能样本的样本均值，以下说法正确的是______。

A．样本均值的实际抽样误差的最大值为2

B．样本均值的实际抽样误差的最大值为1.5

C．抽到均值为3的样本的概率是20%

D．抽到均值为3的样本的概率是30%

95、在知识经济下，企业文化将会______。

A．成为知识经济条件下企业管理的重要甚至是主要的手段

B．是人们自觉创造的结果，而不是企业生产经营中的一种副产品

C．不仅是记忆型的，而且还是学习型的

D．允许异质价值观和行为准则的存在

96、绩效考核中常见的误区有______。

A．晕轮效应    B．近因效应

C．趋中效应    D．马太效应

97、某公司销售空调，负责安装，并郑重承诺空调保修10年。下列说法正确的是______。

A．安装属于附加产品    B．空调机的品牌属于有形产品

C．公司承诺属于核心产品    D．空调机的外观式样属于有形产品

98、全媒体不断发展，出现了全程媒体、全息媒体、全员媒体、全效媒体，信息无处不在、无所不及、无人不用，导致舆论生态、媒体格局、传播方式发生深刻变化，新闻舆论工作面临新的挑战。“四全”媒体对全媒体时代做了四个层次的阐释，强调当前人类信息交互的“全程、全息、全员、全效”等特性。以下对这四个特性阐述正确的是______。

A．全程即时空维度，意指一个事件从发生到结束，无时无刻不处在传播的链条中

B．全息即信息技术维度，意指万物皆媒，传播呈现形式愈加多元

C．全员即社会维度，意指传播面向的受众群体更加多元化

D．全效即功能维度，意指用户画像更加清晰，信息传播精准度和效率大幅提升

99、声誉资本是企业社会责任活动的重要成果，它在社交媒体领域是按幂律分布积累的，得到和失去的速度都很快，“输家”比“赢家”多得多。对我国金融业而言，厚积声誉资本与行业高质量发展理念高度契合，成为金融机构理解和运用声誉资本的优势与契机。下列属于声誉资本积累的行为是______。

A．提升员工的满意度和归属感

B．加强品牌建设

C．提供精准金融服务

D．完善和丰富金融产品和服务体系

100、联系是事物之间以及事物内部诸要素之间的相互影响、相互作用和相互制约的关系。“时势造英雄”体现了以下哪类联系?______

A．内部联系    B．外部联系

C．必然联系    D．偶然联系

四.英语阅读理解题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

After the American Revolution, industry in the U.S. was behind Europe. But it was not very far behind. Several waves of inventions and growth soon hit. This happened over a period of 150 years. These advances made the U.S. economy the largest and most modern in the world.

During the American Revolution, America had not yet entered its industrial age. Most manufacturing was done in people's homes. Whereas Britain was industrialized, America had not caught on yet. Then Francis Cabot Lowell went to Britain in 1811. He memorized the secrets to constructing a power loom. After he and his associates returned to America, they founded some textile plants in Boston. The most famous was in Lowell, Massachusetts. It was built in 1822. The Lowell system employed many "mill girls". They lived in dormitories in order to run the factory.

New England was the home of a growing textile industry. It was the first area of the United States to experience such rapid growth. This growth also occurred in Pennsylvania. The iron industry pushed that state along and helped it to grow even faster.

Then the direction of progress began to change. This new period took place between 1810 and the 1860s. Factories continued to expand. But greater strides were being taken in inventing. American manufacturing and agriculture was greatly improved. These improvements came from practical inventions. Richard Chenaworth invented the cast-iron plow. It was useful because it had replaceable parts. John Deere created the steel plow, which made farming faster because the soil did not stick to it. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and the jig. This began a huge cotton industry in the south. Samuel Morse invented the passenger elevator. This led to modern-day skyscrapers. Finally, George Pullman created the sleeping car for trains. This allowed for long-distance travel.

From the 1850s on, industry in the United States boomed. The Civil War was over. With the victory of the North, Northern business entrepreneurs flourished. Government was eager to see business expand. The innovations listed above caused swift and dramatic changes. Railroads were now needed to carry goods across the country. People in the south traded cotton. They sold their product to the north and to Britain.

By the early 1900s, cars were needed by many people. The auto industry introduced a new dimension of growth to America. By the 1920s, Henry Ford introduced his Model-T. With it came the modern assembly line.

101、According to paragraph l,the U.S. economy became the largest and the most modern in the world because ______.

A． the U.S.won the American Revolution

B． there were many new inventions

C． competing with the Europe and eventually surpassed it

D． the economy grew steadily for more than 150 years

102、Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? ______

A． New England grew more rapidly than European countries.

B． There was rapid growth in all states of the United States, including New England.

C． Only one area besides New England in America experienced fast growth.

D． Fast growth occurred in New England first in America.

103、Which of the following can be inferred about Pennsylvania's industry? ______

A． It had a textile industry similar to Massachusetts'.

B． It often competed against Massachusetts and other sates.

C． Its iron industry was stronger than in other states.

D． It became a richer state than Massachusetts with faster growth.

104、Why does the author mention practical inventions in paragraph 4? ______

A．  To exemplify the reasons for the development of industry in America.

B． To show how America became rich by selling new products.

C． To illustrate how intelligent American inventors were.

D．  To prove that most useful inventions came from America.

105、The word "boomed" in the passage is closest in the meaning to ______.

A． imploded                      B． increased

C． fluctuated                    D． continued

Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children's school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks,has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test.

Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a commercially available test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.

The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic of skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test-obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught.

Recently, many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are competent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but cant see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.

106、What can be inferred about Erica at school? ______

A． She learns the best way of reading a textbook.

B． She learns to find answers more than anything else.

C． She has not learned anything substantial.

D． She likes testing more than learning.

107、What do teachers think about teaching to the mandated state test? ______

A． It is commonly recognized.

B． It is curiously controversial.

C． It has been exceptionally effective.

D． It has been inadequately developed.

108、As it is indicated in the second paragraph, the author finds it strange that ______.

A． skills are determined before tests are set

B． tests are used to assess students' skills

C． tests restrict the skills necessary for students

D． skills are consolidated by taking tests

109、According to the third paragraph, this "fundamental confusion" refer to the fact that ______.

A． the basic of skills have been discussed too much

B． a test of a skill has been equated with acquiring the skill

C． the nature and quality of what is taught are rarely concerned

D． skills do not develop by being taught to take tests

110、The crisis of comprehension is most probably resulted from ______.

A． Students' insufficient phonic and grammar skills

B． teaching that takes up much of students' free time

C． teaching that emphasizes details rather than the whole

D． Students' incompetence in thinking about what they read

You can't see it, smell it, or hear it, and people disagree on how precisely to define it, or where exactly it comes from. It isn't a school subject or an academic discipline, but it can be learned. It is a quality that is required by artists. But it is also present in the lives of scientists and entrepreneurs. All of us benefit from it: we thrive mentally and spiritually when we are able to harness it. It is a delicate thing, easily stamped out; in fact, it flourishes most fully when people are playful and childlike. At the same time, it works best in tandem with deep knowledge and expertise.

This mysterious—but teachable—quality is creativity, the subject of a report published this week by Durham Commission on Creativity and Education, a body chaired by Sir Nicholas Serota, the chair of Arts Council England, with input from figures including film director Beeban Kidron. architect Sir David Adjaye and choreographer Akram Khan. The report, put together in collaboration with academics from Durham University, concludes that creativity is not something that should inhabit the school curriculum only as it relates to drama. music, art and other obviously creative subjects, but that creative thinking ought to run through all of school life, infusing the way human and natural sciences are learned.

The authors, who focus on education in England, offer a number of sensible recommendations. some of which are an attempt to alleviate the Gradgrindish turn in education policy of recent years. When children are regarded as pitchers to be filled with facts, creativity does not prosper, nor does it when teachers' sole objective is, perforce, coaching children towards exams. One suggestion from the commission is a network of teacher-led  "creativity collaboratives", along the lines of existing maths hubs, with the aim of supporting teaching for creativity through the school curriculum.

Nevertheless, it is arts subjects through which creativity can most obviously be fostered. The value placed on them by the independent education sector is clear. One only has to look at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain's top private schools to comprehend this. But in the state sector the excessive focus on English,maths and science threatens to crush arts subjects; meanwhile, reduced school budgets mean diminishing extracurricular activities. There has been a 28.1% and design have seen a recent increase.

This discrepancy between state and private education is a matter of social justice. It is simply wrong and unfair the most children have a fraction of the access to choirs, orchestras, art. studios and drama that their more privileged peers enjoy. As lives are affected by any number of looming challenges—climate crisis, automation in the workplace—humans are going to need creative thinking more than ever. For all of our sakes,creativity in education,and for all, must become a priority.

111、What do we learn from the passage about creativity? ______

A． It develops best when people are spiritually prepared.

B． It is most often wielded by scientists and entrepreneurs.

C． It is founded on scientific knowledge and analytical skills.

D． It contributes to intellectual growth but can easily be killed.

112、What is the conclusion of a recently-published reporl? ______

A． Art courses should be made obviously creative subjects.

B． Drama, music, art should be included into the school curriculum.

C． Cultivation on creativity should permeate the entire school curriculum.

D． Students should learn more obviously creative subjects.

113、According to the passage, which of the followings is NOT the threatening the fostering of creativity? ______

A． UK's education policy.

B． Decreased school budgets.

C． Test-oriented teaching.

D． Low awareness among students.

114、What do we learn about the private schools in the UK? ______

A． They encourage extracurricular activities.

B． They attach great importance to arts education.

C． They prioritize arts subjects over maths and sciences.

D． Their students are more creative than those in the state sector.

115、What should be done to meet the future challenges? ______

A． Increasing government investment in school education.

B． Narrowing the existing gap between the rich and the poor.

C． Focusing on meeting the needs of under-privileged students.

D． Providing all children with equal access to arts education.

Many of us are fearful of making changes in our work lives—fear is a natural human condition. We feel less threatened when we stick with the familiar. As long as we are receiving a paycheck, we tolerate the dissatisfaction. Better to just play it safe.

But the safety net we preserve requires a big trade-off. It often denies us the opportunity to experience work that makes us happy, that is consistent with our desires while still meeting our monetary needs. Yet many of us strap ourselves into jobs in which the only reward is money.

We breed cynicism when we treat our work as nothing more than a financial equation, a necessity we tolerate in order to acquire funds to live, with the hope of somehow achieving success and happiness along the way. That's really most of us want to be happy. We spend 80,000 hours of our lives at work. Yet, we view happiness as something to be achieved "outside" of work. We hire ourselves out on Monday through Friday and "live" for the weekends.

Most of us didn't choose our careers to fulfill a purpose or mission. On the contrary, we just looked for "a good job with a good company", reflecting such criteria as pay, title and just security. We reasoned that if we could "get a foot in the door" and work hard, our careers would grow over time, actually, that our careers and work lives would just happen "by accident". Because of this, many of us have careers today that are just "accidents waiting to happen". Everyday business decisions, a reorganization plan, an acquisition by another company, a relocation out of the country, can throw our work lives into danger. But despite this uncertainty some of us still cling to our jobs, dissatisfying as they may be. Can't take that risk!

"Hanging on" involves risk too. For when we sacrifice pleasure for pay, our work lacks dignity, uses our energy and, ultimately, breaks our spirit. An unhappy, unfulfilled work life contributes to an unhappy, unfulfilled personal life. Happiness in work, as happiness in love, demands a measure of risk.

Author Marsha Simetar suggests that if you "do what you love, the money will follow". Certainly this may seem a bit risky, perhaps idealistic, but it is undoubtedly true that people who love what they do find ways to make the most money.

116、From the first paragraph we can learn that ______.

A． fear is one of the fundamental traits in human character defects

B． people tend to keep stable work to avoid the fear of changes

C． the paycheck makes people feel safe about their work

D． we tolerate dissatisfaction as we need to work

117、By "the safety net we preserve requires a big trade-off" (line 1, para.2) , the author probably means ______.

A． safety can be achieved by meeting both our desires and monetary needs

B． people have to accept the uncertainty of their current jobs

C． people have to work hard to get money as the reward

D． safety means sacrifice the balance between monetary needs and the happiness of work

118、According to the passage, when changes throw our work lives into danger, we will usually ______.

A． express great dissatisfaction with the job

B． feel uncertain about the risk

C． remain in the work position

D． take another work opportunity

119、We can learn from the passage that ______.

A． people do not have a sense of mission nowadays

B． people struggle between the ideal work and monetary needs

C． happiness and money can hardly be both achieved in workplace

D． happiness and money can be both achieved during work in most cases

120、The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to ______.

A． persuade people to choose careers with purpose

B． criticize those who work for money

C． elaborate people's attitude towards work and safety

D． illustrate how safety of work lives can be achieved

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